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Monday, 1 December 2014

History of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra

History Cleopatra Queen Mesir- name is always remembered in history. An Ancient Egyptian queen who became the last of the dynasty Pharaoh Ptolemy.Ia has the full name of Cleopatra Selene Philopator. However, known as Cleopatra VII. Cleoptara born in the year 69 BCE (BCE) in Alexandria, Egypt, and died at the age of 39 years at 30 SM.Cleopatra is the daughter Auletes Ptolemy (Ptolemy XII), one of the ancient Egyptian ruler Ptolemy dynasty former confidant of the ruler Alexander the Great Macedonia. Ptolemy XII had four daughters and two sons. But all of them died when he was very young.


  
He was the ruler of Egypt with her father Ptolemy XII, the brother of her husband at the same time: Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, and finally his son Caesarion. Cleopatra overcame designed coup by supporters of his brother with allied with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony continued. Cleopatra has 1 son of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony 3 children from (two of them are twins).

Cleopatra committed suicide when Augustus (Octavian) ascended the throne and attacked Egypt, by inserting his own hand into a basket full of vipers (Asp / Cobra kind of North African origin). The story of his life is often dramatized in various forms of work, including "Antony and Cleopatra" from William Shakespeare and some modern films.

childhood

Little is known about the childhood of Cleopatra, but Cleopatra bloody Greek, not Egyptian descent. He was born at the beginning of the year 69 BC, the 3rd child of 6 people and was born in the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty. He has two older brothers and a younger sister and two younger brothers. He was born and raised in Alexandria which is the largest and most luxurious city at that time.

Kingdom of Cleopatra's father was not safe due to pressure and external conflicts and power struggles and conflicts in such a centralized government and political corruption. This led the rebellion and the loss of Cyprus and Cyrenaica which causes the reign of Ptolemy as one of the most deadly in the dynasty. As a child, Cleopatra had seen in his own family disputes. It is said that his father survived two assassination attempts when seoragn maid found a deadly poisonous snake in her bed and waiters wine tasting master hereinafter maid died. Eldest sister, Tryphaena also tried to poison Cleopatra so he started using tastemakers. When he was a teenager, he witnessed the fall of his own father and his father being a puppet of the Roman Empire as a result of the debt burden is too high, but still hoped that no Roman conquest of Egypt. Circumstances that led to Ptolemy XII of the people expelled from Alexandria who eventually fled to Rome. In the year 58 BC, his mother, Cleopatra V took over the government with his son, Berenice IV with the help of the Roman governor of Syria controlled, Aulus Gabinius for a year until her mother died, and Berenice IV reigned alone. Ptolemy XII overthrow the eldest daughter in the year 55 BC and executed his son, Berenice IV. Other Cleopatra's sister, Tryphaena took the throne and not long after he died which left Cleopatra with her husband and her brother, Ptolemy XIII as successor to the throne.


Up Throne

Ptolemy XII died in March of the year 51 BC, making Cleopatra who was then aged about 18 years and Ptolemy XIII who was about 12 years as the leader of the joint. The first 3 years of their powers difficult because of economic problems, famine, flooding of the Nile and political conflict. Although Cleopatra married her sister, he shows that he has no desire to share power with him.

Descended From the Throne

In August of the year 51 BC, their relationships damaged. Cleopatra lowered Ptolemy name from official documents and her face appeared alone on coins that are beyond the Ptolemaic tradition which states that women leaders subordinate to male leaders. This results in a secret group of people who are not included in the palace, led by the eunuch Pothinus, lowering Cleopatra from power and making Ptolemy leaders in 48 BC (or earlier, and there is a decree in the year 51 BC with Ptolemy's own name). He tried to do a rebellion around Pelusium, but he was forced to flee from Egypt to the remaining sister, Arsinoe.

Back Up Throne

When Cleopatra went out of Egypt, Pompey involved in the Roman civil war. In the autumn of 48 BC, Pompey fled from the forces of Julius Caesar to Alexandria and seek asylum. Ptolemy was aged 15 years and waiting for his arrival. On September 28, 48 BC, Pompey was murdered by one of his officers are now working former to Ptolemaic. He was beheaded in front of his wife and son, who were on the ship he had just descended. Ptolemy thought that the he had ordered the death of Pompey for fun Julius Caesar. This is a big mistake Ptolemy. When Caesar arrived in Egypt two days later, Ptolemy gives the head of Pompey. Caesar who see this very upset due to the fact that although he was a political enemy of Caesar, Pompey was consul of Rome and the widower of Julis Caesar's child, Julia. Caesar master the Egyptian capital and makes the referee of claims between Ptolemy and Cleopatra.

Cleopatra took this opportunity and returned to the palace and meet with Caesar. It is believed that Caesar was fascinated with his pace, and Cleopatra became her lover. 9 months after their first meeting, Cleopatra gave birth to a baby. At this time, Caesar left Egypt plans to incorporate and support Cleopatra claim to the throne. After a short civil war, Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile and Caesar restored Cleopatra to her throne, with another younger brother Ptolemy XIV as the new co-ruler.
 


Cleopatra relationship with Julius Caesar

Despite the age difference Cleopatra and Julius Caesar for 30 years, Cleopatra and Caesar became lovers during Caesar was in Egypt in 48 BC to 47 BC. They met when Cleopatra was 21 years old and 50-year-old Caesar. On June 23, 47 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to Ptolemy Caesar (called "Caesarion" which means "little Caesar"). Cleopatra claimed Caesar as his father and hopes to make the child as heir, but Caesar refused and preferred grandson, Octavian. Caesarion meant to inherit the Egyptian and Roman, uniting the east and west.

Cleopatra and Caesarion visited Rome in the year 47 BC to 41 BC and was present when Caesar was killed on March 15, 44 BC. Before or after the murder, he returned to Egypt. When Ptolemy XIV died due to deteriorating health, Cleopatra made Caesarion successors. To keep and Caesarion, her sister Arsinoe died.

Cleopatra relationship with Mark Anthony

Cleopatra tried to lure Antony as he ever did to Caesar and in 41 BC. He arrived in Tarsus with clothes like Venus, Roman goddess of love.

Anthony captivated by the elegance of such a body and Cleopatra. Antony and Cleopatra then go along to Alexandria. Here they spend the winter with orgies and hot romance.

In 40 BC, Anthony returned to Rome and married the sister of Octavian named Octavia in its efforts to become an ally of Octavian.

Meanwhile, power trinity worsened. In 37 BC, Antony parted with Octavia and traveled to the east with the aim to bring Cleopatra join him in Syria. At the time of Cleopatra has given birth to twin boys and girls. According to Octavian propaganda actors, they then marry which it is forbidden by the Roman law that prohibits its citizens married to foreign nations.

Anthony military forces defeat against the Parthians in 36 BC reduce his authority. However, in 34 BC, he managed to beat Armenia. To celebrate this victory, he did triumphal procession along the streets of Alexandria where he and Cleopatra sat on a golden throne, and Caesarion and her children were given a peerage. Many of the Roman judge (which is triggered by Octavian) that Antony Roman determined to submit to foreign hands.
 
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